Bruno Moinard (born 1956 in Dieppe, France) graduated from the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Appliqués et des Métiers d'Art.  His talent as a designer enabled him to join the team of Andrée Putman and Jean-François Bodin in 1979, within the framework of newly formed Ecart International.  At Ecart for 15 years, he became the main collaborator of Andrée Putman and participated in one of his most memorable projects, a 1993 redesign of the Concorde supersonic jet.  "We succeeded in creating an extremely light design, a sort of very hi-tech double skin that offered a new silhouette to the interior of the plane while still preserving the existing one.  It was almost a cosmetic procedure..."  During this period, he worked on store concepts (Thierry Mugler, Azzédine Alaïa, Yves Saint Laurent, Karl Lagerfeld), hotels (Morgan's in New York, Le Lac in Tokyo) restaurants (Café Français MOMA in New York, Opium in Tokyo, Orchid in Kobe), offices (Éditions du Regard, Arche de la Défense, etc.), foundations, museums, exhibitions and many private residences (K. Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Goude, Pierre Boulez, Peggy Roche, Françoise Sagan).  In partnership with Philippe Starck, he would even redesign the Élysée apartment for President François Mitterrand.  From 1985 to 1995, he was responsible for overseeing Ecart design studio - a team consisting of fifteen people.  Bruno Moinard wished to found his own agency, which he did in 1995 under the name of 4BI.  Moinard has created numerous commercial and residential spaces around the world.